Internalizing Multiculturalism Values Through Education: Anticipatory Strategies for Multicultural Problems and Intolerance in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25077/jantro.v22.n1.p131-141.2020Keywords:
Multiculturalism Value, Multicultural Problem, Internalizing ValueAbstract
Diversity is a fact inherent in Indonesia, a country that consists of various ethnic groups, religions, cultures, and customs from Sabang to Merauke. But on the other hand, in many cases, this diversity can also threaten the integrity of Indonesia whose motto is “unity in diversityâ€. A lot of cultural friction to ethnic and religious conflicts has coloring the dynamics of Indonesian diversity from the Orde Lama era to the present. This is clearly a serious threat to Indonesia’s integrity. Since the Reformation era, the Indonesian government has adopted a multicultural approach to solvemulticultural issues. This paper describes the values of multiculturalism that can be used as a spirit in organizing the social system among a plural society. Education, both formal and informal, constitutes a strategic institution to internalize those values of multiculturalism. The research method uses a literature review, with a hermeneutic approach. The findings of this study, the process of internalizing multicultural values through education involves the environment, actors and schools. The success of the internalization process is determined by the mutual support between knowledge, process and acceptance of the values of multiculturalism.References
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Purbasari, Varbena Ayuningsih, & Suharno. (2019). Interaksi Sosial Etnis Cina-Jawa Kota Surakarta. Jurnal Antropologi: Isu-Isu Sosial Budaya, 21(1), 1–9.
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Sadulloh, U. (2008). Pengantar Filsafat Pendidikan. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Saha, L. J. (1997). International Encyclopedia of the Sociology of Education. New York: Pergamon Press.
Suparlan, P. (2002). Keynote Adress: Menuju Masyarakat Indonesia yang Multikultural. In Antropologi Indonesia (pp. 94–105). Denpasar.
Suparlan, P. (2006). Kemajemukan, Hipotesis Kebudayaan Dominan dan Kesukubangsaan. Antropologi Indonesia, 30(3), 229–236.
Suryadinata, L. (2003). Kebijakan Negara Indonesia terhadap Etnik Tionghoa: Dari Asimilasi ke Multikulturalisme? Antropologi Indonesia, 71, 1–12.
Viri, K. (2012). Pengelompokan Pemukiman Warga Berdasarkan Etnis dan Agama di Kota Bukittinggi, Sumatera Barat. In H. Budiman (Ed.), Kota-Kota di Sumatra; Enam Kisah Kewargaan dan Demokrasi (pp. 191–260). Jakarta: The Interseksi Foundation (Yayasan Interseksi).
Yasin, F. (2016). Pendidikan Multikultural Dalam Keluarga Modern (Studi: Keluarga Di Kecamatan Padang Selatan). In The ASEAN Theacers; Toward Standardization of Quality and Qualifications (pp. 375–382). Indonesia: Fakulti Pendidikan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,Kopertis Wilayah X, Indonesia, Universitas Negeri Padang (UNP), Indonesia & STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat, Indonesia.
Auster, L. (2004). How the Multicultural. The Social Contract, 197–208.
Boyd, W. (1952). The History Of Western Education. London: J.W. Arrowsmith LTD.
Budiman, H. (2012). Mendiskusikan Kembali Furnival: Satu Lagi Cerita dari Bagansiapiapi. Jakarta: The Interseksi Foundation (Yayasan Interseksi).
Colombo, E. (2015). Multiculturalisms: An Overview of Multicultural Debates in Western Societies. Current Sociology Review, 63(6), 800–824. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392115586802
Cretton, V. (2018). Performing Whiteness: Racism, Skin Colour, and Identity in Western Switzerland. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 41(5), 842–859. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2017.1312006
Debora, E. K., Anggreta, D. K., & Yasin, F. (2013). Strategi Masyarakat Multikultural Pasaman Barat Menghindari Konflik. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Mamangan, 2(1), 22–37.
Firdaus, F. (2012). Relasi Etnik dan Identitas Kewargaan di Kota Binjai. In H. Budiman (Ed.), Kota-Kota di Sumatra; Enam Kisah Kewargaan dan Demokrasi (pp. 133–190). Jakarta: The Interseksi Foundation.
Firdaus, F., Yasin, F., & Anggreta, D. K. (2015). Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Multikulturalisme Melalui Pendidikan Untuk Menyiasati Masalah Multikultur Di Indonesia& Malaysia. In R. Saemah, A. Syafrimen, Alias, Y. Faridah, W. A. Jamalulail, I. S. Wekke, … Z. Mahamod (Eds.), ASEAN Comparative Education Research Conference (ACER-N 2015) (pp. 1755–1767). Selangor, Malaysia: Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Fleras, A. (2014). Racisms in a Multicultural Canada: Paradoxes, Politics, and Resistance. Ontario, Canada: Wilfrid Laurier Uiversity Press.
Germain, F. (2014). A “New†Black Nationalism in the USA and France. Journal of African American Studies, 18(3), 286–304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12111-013-9269-y
Gozdecka, D. A., Ercan, S. A., & Kmak, M. (2014). From Multiculturalism to Post-Multiculturalism: Trends and Paradoxes. Journal of Sociology, 50(1), 51–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/1440783314522191
Gutek, G. L. (1997). Philosophical and Ideological Perspectives on Education. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Hefner, R. W. (2007). Politik Multikulturalisme; Menggugat Realitas Kebangsaan. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Hoon, C.-Y. (2006). Assimilation, Multiculturalism, Hybridity: The Dilemmas of The Ethnic Chinese in Post-Suharto Indonesia. Asian Ethnicity, 7(2), 149–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631360600734400
Ihromi, T. (1996). Pokok-Pokok Antropologi Budaya. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Johnson, D. P. (1994). Teori Sosiologi Klasik dan Modern. Jakarta: PT Gramedia.
Kartikawati, D., Rajagukguk, D. L., & Sriwartini, Y. (2019). Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Multikultural yang Dipengaruhi oleh Kompetensi Komunikasi Guru di Sekolah Dasar Inklusi Trirenggo, Yogyakarta. Jurnal Antropologi: Isu-Isu Sosial Budaya, 21(20), 168–176.
Klinken, G. Van. (2007). Perang Kota Kecil: Kekerasan Komunal dan Demokratisasi di Indonesia. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Koentjaraningrat. (2009). Pengantar Ilmu Antropologi. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Laverty, S. M. (2003). Hermeneutic Phenomenology and Phenomenology : A Comparison of Historical and Methodological Considerations. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 2(3), 21–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690300200303
Ma’arif, M. A. (2019). Internalisasi Nilai Multikulutural dalam Mengembangkan Sikap Toleransi (Studi Di Di Pesantren Mahasiswa Universitas Islam Malang). Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 2(1), 164–189. https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v2i1.179
Maliki, Z. (2010). Sosiologi Pendidikan. Yogyakarta: Gajah MadaUniversity Press.
Manan, I. (1989). Antropologi Pendidikan Suatu Pengantar. Jakarta: Dirjen DIKTI.
Muhadjir, N. (1998). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif, Pendekatan Positifistik, Rasionalistik, Penomenologik dan Realisme Mathafisik : Telaah Studi Teks dan Penelitian Agama. Yogyakarta: Rake Sarasish.
Mulyana, R. (2004). Mengartikulasikan Pendidikan Nilai. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Murphy, M. (2012). Multiculturalism : A Critical Introduction. London & New York: Routledge.
Nasikun. (2000). Sistem Sosial Indonesia. Jakarta: PT. Rajagrafindo Persada.
Pakulski, J. (2014). Confusions about multiculturalism. Journal of Sociology, 50(1), 23–36. https://doi.org/10.1177/1440783314522190
Purbasari, Varbena Ayuningsih, & Suharno. (2019). Interaksi Sosial Etnis Cina-Jawa Kota Surakarta. Jurnal Antropologi: Isu-Isu Sosial Budaya, 21(1), 1–9.
Purbasari, Verbena Ayuningsih, & Suharno, S. (2019). Interaksi Sosial Etnis Cina-Jawa Kota Surakarta. Jurnal Antropologi: Isu-Isu Sosial Budaya, 21(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.25077/jantro.v21.n1.p1-9.2019
Sadulloh, U. (2008). Pengantar Filsafat Pendidikan. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Saha, L. J. (1997). International Encyclopedia of the Sociology of Education. New York: Pergamon Press.
Suparlan, P. (2002). Keynote Adress: Menuju Masyarakat Indonesia yang Multikultural. In Antropologi Indonesia (pp. 94–105). Denpasar.
Suparlan, P. (2006). Kemajemukan, Hipotesis Kebudayaan Dominan dan Kesukubangsaan. Antropologi Indonesia, 30(3), 229–236.
Suryadinata, L. (2003). Kebijakan Negara Indonesia terhadap Etnik Tionghoa: Dari Asimilasi ke Multikulturalisme? Antropologi Indonesia, 71, 1–12.
Viri, K. (2012). Pengelompokan Pemukiman Warga Berdasarkan Etnis dan Agama di Kota Bukittinggi, Sumatera Barat. In H. Budiman (Ed.), Kota-Kota di Sumatra; Enam Kisah Kewargaan dan Demokrasi (pp. 191–260). Jakarta: The Interseksi Foundation (Yayasan Interseksi).
Yasin, F. (2016). Pendidikan Multikultural Dalam Keluarga Modern (Studi: Keluarga Di Kecamatan Padang Selatan). In The ASEAN Theacers; Toward Standardization of Quality and Qualifications (pp. 375–382). Indonesia: Fakulti Pendidikan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,Kopertis Wilayah X, Indonesia, Universitas Negeri Padang (UNP), Indonesia & STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat, Indonesia.
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2020-05-31
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Firdaus, F., Anggreta, D. K., & Yasin, F. (2020). Internalizing Multiculturalism Values Through Education: Anticipatory Strategies for Multicultural Problems and Intolerance in Indonesia. Jurnal Antropologi: Isu-Isu Sosial Budaya, 22(1), 131–141. https://doi.org/10.25077/jantro.v22.n1.p131-141.2020
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